Facts About Columbus

The history of Columbus goes back before the establishment of Franklinton, the village that Lucas Sullivant built on the west side of the Scioto River, even before there were any settlers in the area, even before the Native Americans that were using the land when the first white explorers passed through. Before these people, there is evidence that there was a large group of people that lived throughout the Scioto Valley area as far back as 3,000 years ago. These people lived in large communities with many smaller communities. The reason we know this is that they left fortifications made of mounds of dirt. Early settlers to the Ohio territory found these piles of dirt everywhere. Some took on the shape of walls that probably surrounded villages. Archeological evidence shows these included wooden dwellings because we have found remnants of wooden posts, fire pits, even trash pits where they buried their refuse. Other piles of dirt were places where they buried their important dignitaries. Excavations of these burial mounds showed that they started with a small wooden house where they would place a recently deceased person. This house would then be burned down, and the remains would be cremated, then the ashes would be covered over with dirt. When the next dignitary died, the same process would be repeated again in the same spot and over the 100s and 1000s of years, some of these mounds became quite large. This group of people we call the Mound Builders. By the time the people we now refer to as Native Americans came to the Ohio Territory, there is no record of encounters between themselves and the Mound Builders. Why they disappeared, or if they left the area, where they went is unknown. Some theories suggest that there was a major climatic shift with wide-spread droughts that caused the demise of these early Americans. What we do know is that when Native Americans migrated through Central Ohio, they too found the Mounds, but their verbal heritage could not explain their existence nor did they mention finding any people living in the area. Native Americans usually didn’t stay in one spot for long. They migrated with the weather along with the roaming herds of animals. In time, these roaming groups of people developed regular trails they used. In Central Ohio there were two main trails that intersected pretty close to where Broad and High Streets are today. The north-south trail ran from the Ohio River north along the Scioto River up to Lake Erie. The east-west trail ran from northwest Ohio, down through Columbus and then turned southwest into the Hocking Hills area. Ohio’s capitol was originally in Chillicothe. However, many complaints came from legislators in northern Ohio that had to travel to Chillicothe. The capitol was then moved to Zanesville in an attempt to appease more people. This proved unsatisfactory as there were not enough buildings to house all the members of the assembly, so the capitol was temporarily moved back to Chillicothe where a committee was formed to find a new location that would make almost everyone happy. A law was passed that said the new capitol had to be within 40 miles of the center of the state (Zanesville and Chillicothe were both outside this limit). The committee looked at suggestions made by a number of small communities that had sprung up over the past decade. The one very big plus that gave the edge to the Columbus site was the land and buildings donated by 4 men living in Franklinton. Lyne Starling, John Kerr, Alex McLaughlin, and James Johnson (all associates of Lucas Sullivant) pledged 20 acres of ground to the state, plus construction of the necessary buildings to house the state government. Ten acres were designated for the Capitol, and 10 acres were designated for a new state penitentiary. To complete the deal, the men also offered a $50,000 bonus to the state if they would locate the new town across the river from Franklinton. That was the clincher. And the name of this new center of state government: Ohio City!

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